by JENNY HOPE, Daily MailThere is already a wealth of evidence that red wine does you good, lowering the risk of heart attacks, dementia and a stroke. Now research has revealed that all wine is a powerful ally against a far more frequent health problem - the common cold. Doctors have discovered that drinking a moderate amount can help develop a kind of immunity against the 200 viruses that trigger the ailment. The study found that people who had more than 14 glasses of wine a week had a 40 per cent lower risk of getting a cold than teetotallers. And the protection was even stronger for those who favoured red wine over white, said the report in the latest American Journal of Epidemiology. In the study, more than 4,000 faculty members and administrative staff at five Spanish universities completed questionnaires about their drinking and smoking habits, and other lifestyle factors over a year. They were asked to keep a diary noting any colds they developed over the following 12 months. Just over 1,500 colds were recorded by the University of Santiago and University Hospital of the Canary Islands, and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston.

Analysis revealed the link between drinking more than 14 glasses and a 40 per cent lower risk of getting a cold. The results were not changed by factors such as vitamin C intake or contact with children. Just over a quarter of those studied were teetotallers while 10 per cent had more than 13 drinks a week - with a average of around four glasses of wine. Because the protective effect was limited to wine, it is unlikely that alcohol is the key ingredient, said the researchers. Wine contains high levels of antioxidants called flavonoids. good wine to have with cheeseThese are thought to work by mopping up excesses of harmful chemicals naturally produced by the body as well as making the blood less likely to clot and lowering high blood pressure. wine glass pngThe study said some such flavonoids work specifically against nasal viruses. best french wines to age

'This finding might explain an increased resistance to viral infection among wine drinkers,' it added. However, other experts think the explanation may be that wine drinkers do get colds but don't notice the symptoms because substances in wine suppress the body's response. One such ingredient is resveratrol, which impairs inflammatory processes in the body. As a result, wine drinking may dampen down the inflammation in the nose and airways which occurs when the immune system is fighting infection by cold viruses. best cheap wine parisDr William Bird, medical consultant at the Met Office, who is heading a new computer system keeping track of the level of infectious illness in winter, said the study results were good news for wine drinkers. red wine brands of indiaHe added: 'I'm sure this is what we would all like to believe - that a little of what you fancy does you good and could stop you catching a cold.' new world wine labels are easier to read because

Dr Bird said previous research suggested moderate drinking had health benefits. The computer alert system, which is based on 20million consultations with GPs shows levels of infection such as colds and flu are very low at the moment, he added. 'Anyone wanting to fight a cold should think about daily exercise as well as a glass of wine,' he said. 'Walking for 15 to 20 minutes a day boosts production of natural killer cells which help prevent viral infections moving from the lungs into the bloodstream - but the effect only lasts 24 hours so needs topping up.'A dozen universities are collaborating on a sort of extreme winemaking project: How cold a climate can a grape survive and still make good wine? The Northern Grapes Project is inventing wines the world has never seen before, winning wine awards and creating a new crop for struggling rural economies.These are not states people normally associate with fantastic wine - or wine at all, for that matter. Grapes didn't always ripen in the state's short growing season.

And even when they did, the grapes were better suited for jelly and juice. Their musty taste left little to really desire in a glass of wine. But all of that might be changing. Researchers are breeding grapes that can survive frigid, cold temperatures and make delicious wine. They're hoping names like Frontenac and Marquette will role off wine enthusiast's tongues just the way Cabernet and Merlot do today. Reporting from upstate New York, North Country Public Radio's David Sommerstein has the story. DAVID SOMMERSTEIN, BYLINE: Join me on the northern border of New York State, near Canada, in Coyote Moon's tasting room. Kristina Randazzo-Ives has a pitch for all her 20 wines, except one. This deep blue bottle contains what's believed to be the first commercial Frontenac Blanc ever, and she's at a loss for words. KRISTINA RANDAZZO-IVES: It's hard. I mean these, all I can tell you is nobody else has this. SOMMERSTEIN: The Frontenac Blanc is a cousin of the Frontenac, the very first cold-hardy wine grape in the country.

To understand why the Frontenac was a leap in viticulture - the science of growing grapes - let's head outside. Six years ago, the Randazzo family began turning scrubby, abandoned farmland into this 20 acre vineyard. This isn't the upstate New York of the Finger Lakes, where wines like Rieslings have become world class. This is way north, where the mercury plummets to 30 below zero. RANDAZZO-IVES: We get pounded with very cold, icy cold tundra-ish temperatures. SOMMERSTEIN: And traditional wine grapes don't survive winters like that. TIM MARTINSON: You know, I had people call me from up here and say, we've been thinking about planting grapes and I say, are you nuts? SOMMERSTEIN: That's Tim Martinson, a viticulturalist with Cornell University. He and a couple dozen other researchers took it as a challenge. They started the Northern Grape Project in 12 states to help cold climate wines thrive. Martinson uses Coyote Moon as a test site. He and Randazzo-Ives tinker with new ways to tie up vine branches to promote healthy grapes.

MARTINSON: Basically what we do is - bring this over the top... MARTINSON: ...wind it over and... SOMMERSTEIN: Martinson explains you have to work around cold-hardy grapes' disadvantages. They tend toward acidity. They can lack body, mostly because of the short growing season. And that's why the wine establishment has been skeptical. Wine Spectator magazine doesn't even review cold climate wines. But the mad scientists behind all the cold-hardy grapes say they're making breakthroughs. PETER HEMSTAD: My name is Peter Hemstad and I'm the grape breeder at the University of Minnesota. SOMMERSTEIN: Well, maybe not mad. It took Hemstad's team almost 20 years to develop the Frontenac in 1996. A decade later, they released the Marquette. And they were psyched, or as psyched as Minnesotan grape breeders get. HEMSTAD: The flavor is excellent. The crop was good. It had some tannin, which is part of the structure that you're going to get from the European grapes.

SOMMERSTEIN: Marquette wines are starting to generate buzz as an up-and-coming stand-in for Pinot Noirs. Hemstad concedes these new vineyards of the North are a long way from matching France or California's best. But he says they're reinvigorating rural economies and they mesh perfectly with buy local culture. HEMSTAD: You know, they're not going to compete with Napa Valley, but if you think of Vermont, you've got the small scale sugar producers, the cheese operators, and now you'll have the small scale wineries right down the street. SOMMERSTEIN: Today there are hundreds of cold-hardy winemakers across the northern U.S. And the University of Minnesota continues to develop new grapes - which brings us back to that Frontenac Blanc at Coyote Moon in northern New York. (SOUNDBITE OF CORK POPPING) SOMMERSTEIN: Kristina Randazzo-Ives pours me a glass. (SOUNDBITE OF WINE POURING) SOMMERSTEIN: It's aromatic with peach and nectarine, but also caramel smooth. I didn't know what to expect - I mean it's a totally new grape.

Randazzo-Ives says that's exactly what the next generation of wine drinkers is seeking - diversity and adventure. RANDAZZO-IVES: They're searching out brands and things that they like, which makes the small winery experience and going to different places that have a variety of wines so popular and successful. SOMMERSTEIN: In three and half years of winemaking, Coyote Moon's won almost 500 awards. That includes best of class among non-traditional reds for its Marquette from the San Francisco Chronicle, one of America's most prestigious wine competitions. Randazzo-Ives believes Frontenac Blanc may just be next. For NPR News, I'm David Sommerstein in northern New York. Copyright © 2013 NPR. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary.